Background: Cardiac connective tissue dysplasia syndrome consists of mitral valve prolapse (MVP), anomalously located chordae tendinae of the left ventricle, or a combination of the two. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance, as measured by the physical working capacity (PWC170) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), in athletes with cardiac connective tissue dysplasia syndrome.Methods: Of the 183 male athletes studied, 158 had cardiac connective tissue dysplasia syndrome and 25 were normal, healthy controls. Their mean age was 16.23 (±5.48) years and mean training time was 5.2 (±-4.6) years. Athletes with cardiac connective tissue dysplasia syndrome were divided to four groups. Group 1 consisted of those with MVP; Group 2 had patients with an additional cord in left ventricle; Group 3 was made up of athletes with a combination of MVP and additional cord; Group 4 contained athletes with a combination of MVP and MR. All sportsmen were studied by echocardiograph, veloergometer, and those with arrhythmias were studied and recorded using a Holter monitor.Results: The most common form of this syndrome in our study groups was MVP. The PWC170 and VO2 max among the athletes with the combination of MVP+MR (Group 4) was lower than that of athletes in other groups (P<0.05). The most common arrhythmia among the athletes with anomalously located left ventricular chordae, Group 2, was Wolf-Parkinson- White (WPW) syndrome and early repolarization syndrome. The PWC170 and VO2 max in athletes with WPW syndrome, was lower than the other athletes who did not have WPW syndrome (P<0.05).Conclusion: The lowest PWC170 and VO2 max were in those athletes with a progressive abnormality. However, the PWC170 and VO2 max among athletes with anomalously located left ventricular chordae was normal. Therefore, among athletes with a combination of anomalously located left ventricular chordae and disruption of rhythm, the PWC170 and VO2 max are lower than normal.

Introduction: Recent reports have shown that rare fluctuations in cardiac cycles are ‘ forgotten’ quickly in healthy individuals and it is possible to quantify the “ memory length” of a physiological time-series using an inverse statistical approach. Methods: In the present study, we assessed the effect of aging on memory length in cardiac rhythm. Results: There was a longer memory length in cardiac time-series of elderly subjects in comparison with younger adults for both decelerating and accelerating rare fluctuations in cardiac rhythm. Conclusion: The increased memory length of the cardiac time-series in elderly subjects may indicate reduced controllability of cardiovascular regulatory system.

Basic life support (BLS) following by Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) is intended to rescue the patients with acute circulatory or respiratory failure or both. The most important determinant of short and long-term neurologically intact survival is the interval from the onset of the cardiac or respiratory onset to restoration of effective spontaneous functions of these vital activities.It is commonly accepted that every physician, regardless of specialty, should be able to  perform CPR. It must be also emphasized that CPR, almost invariably, necessitates a rapid interventional follow-care with ACLS procedure.Without well-performed basic life support, advanced cardiac life support is of no remark-: able benefit, BLS and ACLS are processes that must be performed step by step and with respect to the patient's condition.

Introduction & Objective: The most persistent rhythm in the treatment of cardiac arrest is asystole. In this situation, the survival is rare. The choice is epinephrine, and vasopressin is as an alternative drug. The study purpose is to compare the effects of vasopressin and epinephrine on the outcome of asystole rhythm.Materials & Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 210 patients with asystole rhythm. 105 patients received epinephrine (group1) and 105 patients' vasopressin (group 2) as the first drug. American heart association guideline (2010) was performed on both groups. Then data collection (age, sex, return of spontaneous circulation, survival of first hour, first day and first month, heart rate after 10 minutes resuscitation and survival to discharge) were evaluated. These data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software.Results: There were no significant difference in sex, age, return of spontaneous circulation, survival of first hour, first day and first month after resuscitation between the two groups. But there was a significant difference in post resuscitation heart rate after 10 minutes in group 2 compared to group 1, which was lower in group 2.Conclusion: As tachycardia due to receiving vasopressin is less than that of epinephrine, it may be more effective on survival in some conditions such as its combination with other drugs, administration of multiple doses of vasopressin or acidosis. Although, further studies are needed.